Ecological Worldview as the Central Component of Environmental Concern: Clarifying the Role of the NEP     

Chenyang Xiao  Riley E. Dunlap  Dayong Hong 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(1):53-72

This study examines whether an ecological worldview—operationalized by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale--serves as the source of coherence of Environmental Concern (EC). Using data on four samples from the 1992 Gallup “Health of the Planet” Survey and the 2003 and 2010 Chinese General Social Surveys, we found that in all samples not only is the NEP the most powerful predictor of EC, but it also mediates the effects of socio-demographic variables on EC as hypothesized. The results confirm that the NEP is the source of coherence of EC, making it a meaningful construct.  相似文献   

Assessing the performance of a large-scale irrigation system by estimations of actual evapotranspiration obtained by Landsat satellite images resampled with cubic convolution     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

Remote sensing techniques allow monitoring the Earth surface and acquiring worthwhile information that can be used efficiently in agro-hydrological systems. Satellite images associated to computational models represent reliable resources to estimate actual evapotranspiration fluxes, ET_a, based on surface energy balance. The knowledge of ET_a and its spatial distribution is crucial for a broad range of applications at different scales, from fields to large irrigation districts. In single plots and/or in irrigation districts, linking water volumes delivered to the plots with the estimations of remote sensed ET_a can have a great potential to develop new cost-effective indicators of irrigation performance, as well as to increase water use efficiency. With the aim to assess the irrigation system performance and the opportunities to save irrigation water resources at the “SAT Llano Verde” district in Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was applied on cloud-free Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images, processed by cubic convolution resampling method, for three irrigation seasons (May to September 2006, 2007 and 2008). The model allowed quantifying instantaneous, daily, monthly and seasonal ET_a over the irrigation district. The comparison between monthly irrigation volumes distributed by each hydrant and the corresponding spatially averaged ET_a, obtained by assuming an overall efficiency of irrigation network equal to 85%, allowed the assessment of the irrigation system performance for the area served by each hydrant, as well as for the whole irrigation district. It was observed that in all the investigated years, irrigation volumes applied monthly by farmers resulted generally higher than the corresponding evapotranspiration fluxes retrieved by SEBAL, with the exception of May, in which abundant rainfall occurred. When considering the entire irrigation seasons, it was demonstrated that a considerable amount of water could have been saved in the district, respectively equal to 26.2, 28.0 and 16.4% of the total water consumption evaluated in the three years.  相似文献   

乡村振兴规划的性质及其体系构建探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王介勇  周墨竹  王祥峰 《地理科学进展》2019,38(9):1361-1369

实施乡村振兴战略是解决中国新时代社会主要矛盾的必然要求,关系着国家现代化的成败。落实乡村振兴战略需要建立科学合理的乡村振兴规划体系,统筹协调和优化配置城乡要素资源。论文基于地理学综合视角,深入分析乡村概念内涵与乡村发展的基本特征,总结乡村振兴规划的基本性质与存在的主要问题,初步构建了乡村振兴规划体系框架。结果表明：① 乡村包含社会文化、政治经济和地理空间多重属性,具有生产、生活、生态、文化等多功能,乡村振兴发展是乡村资源开发利用、经济社会发展和自然人文耦合的综合过程;② 乡村系统具有要素分散性和发展自组织性、空间异质性和类型多样性、对区域和城市依赖性与产业发展受自然因素强限制的基本特征;③ 乡村振兴规划是对乡村空间要素资源配置的统筹协调过程,其本质是以促进公平为导向的规划,应更加强调规划参与过程及其统筹协调能力;④ 当前中国乡村规划尚未形成完整体系,缺少法律基础,规划技术理论发展较滞后,规划边界模糊、规划深度不够,规划实施保障机制不健全;⑤ 基于上述理论和问题分析,构建了包含主体规划系统、制度保障系统、技术支持系统、多规协调系统和参与反馈系统的“五位一体”乡村振兴规划体系。该体系可以高效配置乡村要素资源,促进城乡融合发展,有利于形成规划合力,增强乡村振兴规划的权威性、可行性和实用性。  相似文献   

中国城市体系网络化研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

胡国建  陈传明  金星星  王强 《地理学报》2019,74(4):681-693

当前,学者普遍认同城市体系研究的重心从等级范式向网络范式转向。在大量的文献梳理基础上,阐述20世纪80年代以来中国城市体系研究范式的转向过程,并进一步梳理中国城市网络研究的进展、问题与关注重点。结果表明：2010年之后,网络成为中国城市体系研究的主流范式,等级体系文献数量呈波动递减趋势,全国和长三角成为热点关注区域;属性数据一定程度上弥补了早期城市网络研究中数据匮乏的状况,关系数据应成为未来研究的侧重点;不同研究视角及其所应用的数据存在着一定的局限性,多元视角的综合研究成为趋势。在此基础上,提出城市网络研究未来可能的突破点,包括：调整国家城市网络的研究框架、超越交通数据直接考察城市间的实体联系、测度企业外部的横向联系、有向加权网络分析和可视化、增加研究中的地理“意味”等。  相似文献   

利用水系沉积物高程定量恢复古地貌的技术方法——以鲁西白彦地区白彦砾岩为例          下载免费PDF全文

程光锁  于学峰  杨斌  胡戈  李兆营  周军  刘卫东  罗文强  马祥县 《山东国土资源》2019,35(9)

主要分析了构造抬升对水系和地形的影响和恢复,以从古生代灰岩围岩中大面积但零星出露的岩溶砾岩点为研究对象,对区域古水系和地形地貌恢复和反演做出了新的尝试。在收集资料和实测的基础上,尝试性探讨了利用稳定水体参照物高程反演抬升高度以及邻区山峰点的古高程、古水系,恢复区域上古地形地貌的技术方法。并以白彦地区为例,通过白彦岩溶砾岩的分布、产状、金刚石矿物含量、岩性等地质特征,恢复白彦地区古地形线、古水系位置和流向等古地理地貌,指出在白彦期时代,该区总体发育4个水系,邹城市大石墙水系、枣庄水系、平邑水系、费县水系,水系中金刚石含量较为丰富的砾岩点大多分布在凤凰山隆起中心,其中在平邑水系推测存在一个山地峡谷中的古湖泊。认为蒙山凸起中已知的常马庄地区的金伯利岩脉所含有金刚石可能主要供应平邑区水系,其他3个地区水系的金刚石可能来源于凤凰山及其东部隆起剥蚀地区。  相似文献   

城市地质学基础理论探讨     

林良俊  马震  郭旭  Zhenya Zhang  李亚民 《中国地质》2020,47(6):1668-1676

城市地质有近百年的研究历史，学科研究取得了很大的进展，但是总体上看，学科性质存在较多的争论，城市地质学基础理论难于满足现代城市管理的需求，无法为城市高质量发展提供系统完整的地学解决方案。本文系统梳理了国内外城市地质的发展历程和研究进展，进一步明确了城市地质学的学科性质，运用系统理论提出城市地质系统的概念，并基于这一概念，清晰地界定了城市地质学的研究对象，阐述了现代城市地质学的研究内容和技术框架，为今后形成完善的城市地质学理论体系提供研究基础。  相似文献   

Understanding the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated alpine catchment in the Himalayan region using the J2000 hydrological model          下载免费PDF全文

S. Nepal  P. Krause  W.‐A. Flügel  M. Fink  C. Fischer 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1329-1344

This paper provides the results of hydrological modelling in a mesoscale glaciated alpine catchment of the Himalayan region. In the context of global climate change, the hydrological regime of an alpine mountain is likely to be affected, which might produce serious implications for downstream water availability. The main objective of this study was to understand the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated catchment, the Dudh Kosi River basin, in Nepal, using the J2000 hydrological model and thereby understand how the rise in air temperature will affect the hydrological processes. The model is able to reproduce the overall hydrological dynamics quite well with an efficiency result of Nash–Sutcliffe (0.85), logarithm Nash–Sutcliffe (0.93) and coefficient of determination (0.85) for the study period. The average contribution from glacier areas to total streamflow is estimated to be 17%, and snowmelt (other than from glacier areas) accounts for another 17%. This indicates the significance of the snow and glacier runoff in the Himalayan region. The hypothetical rise in temperature scenarios at a rate of +2 and +4 °C indicated that the snowmelt process might be largely affected. An increase in snowmelt volume is noted during the premonsoon period, whereas the contribution during the monsoon season is significantly decreased. This occurs mainly because the rise in temperature will shift the snowline up to areas of higher altitude and thereby reduce the snow storage capacity of the basin. This indicates that the region is particularly vulnerable to global climate change and the associated risk of decreasing water availability to downstream areas. Under the assumed warming scenarios, it is likely that in the future, the river might shift from a ‘melt‐dominated river’ to a ‘rain‐dominated river’. The J2000 model should be considered a promising tool to better understand the hydrological dynamics in alpine mountain catchments of the Himalayan region. This understanding will be quite useful for further analysis of ‘what‐if scenarios’ in the context of global climate and land‐use changes and ultimately for sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘白垩系—古近系烃源岩地球化学特征及潜力评价     

高剑雄 《地质论评》2021,67(Z1):67z1219-67z1221

  相似文献   

祁连山北麓牧区社会-生态系统脆弱性诊断 ——以甘肃肃南裕固族自治县为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王娅  杨国靖  周立华 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):370-380

基于人与自然耦合视角,辨识社会-生态系统脆弱性是区域可持续发展研究的核心议题和前沿领域。依据社会-生态系统和脆弱性经典范式VSD模型（Vulnerability Scoping Diagram）,利用显式空间脆弱性指数和致脆因子诊断模型分析了2004—2016年肃南县社会-生态系统脆弱性的变化趋势及其致脆因子。结果表明：该县社会-生态系统的暴露度指数介于0.374~0.725,整体呈先降,再升,后降的趋势。敏感性指数和适应性指数均呈持续波动上涨趋势,脆弱性指数由2006年的0.327持续上升至2014年的1.081后,又下降至0.440。该县社会-生态系统脆弱性的潜在风险和致脆因子主要来源于系统的暴露度,牲畜密度、人均GDP、植被覆盖度是影响系统暴露度涨落的潜在风险因素,退牧还草工程及财政支出支持力度是社会-生态系统脆弱性提升的关键致脆因素。未来肃南县应放缓经济发展增速,提高第三产业GDP比重、加大财政支出力度、推进落实草原生态保护政策及其可持续治理长效机制,以降低社会-生态系统脆弱性的风险。  相似文献   

全过程联合校正方法在饶河流域洪水预报中的应用研究     

王钦钊  黄一昕  梁忠民  邓晓栋 《水文》2021,41(2):45-50

为提高饶河流域洪水预报精度,将全过程联合校正(EPJC)方法与三水源新安江(XAJ)模型结合,按一定比例划分洪水预报总误差为各过程误差,基于系统响应理论反演得到面雨量计算误差和模型参数误差,重新输入流域水文模型正演得出校正后的洪水过程。选取洪峰流量相对误差、峰现时间绝对误差、径流深相对误差和确定性系数作为模型评价指标,量化XAJ预报与EPJC校正结果,并与传统的动态系统响应曲线(DSRC)方法进行对比。结果表明,EPJC能够考虑全过程误差,与实际误差分布情况更相符,可提升饶河流域的洪水作业预报精度,值得进一步研究与推广。  相似文献